Tag Archive for: #HomeMaintenance

Septic systems are essential for homes not connected to municipal sewer lines. They treat and dispose of wastewater safely. Understanding how they work helps homeowners maintain their systems and avoid costly repairs. For additional guidance on maintaining your septic system, visit the EPA Septic System Information page.

What Is a Septic System?

A septic system is an underground wastewater treatment structure that processes sewage from toilets, sinks, and other household drains. Proper maintenance keeps it functioning efficiently for decades. For more details on what a septic system is, visit ACTAT.

How a Septic System Works

Wastewater from household drains enters the septic tank, where solids settle, and grease rises. Anaerobic bacteria break down organic matter, reducing the volume of solids. The liquid, or effluent, then moves to the drain field, where it undergoes further filtration. The surrounding soil absorbs and treats the liquid, allowing clean water to return safely to the environment. More details on septic system maintenance can be found in Septic System Maintenance Tips.

Key Components of a Septic System

A standard septic system has several important components:

Septic Tank

The septic tank is a large, watertight container made of concrete, fiberglass, or plastic. It holds wastewater long enough for solids to settle and form sludge, while lighter materials like grease and oils float to the top, creating scum. The remaining liquid flows into the drain field.

Inlet and Outlet Pipes

Inlet and outlet pipes move wastewater in and out of the septic tank. The inlet pipe carries wastewater from the home, while the outlet pipe allows treated liquid to exit the tank and move to the drain field.

Drain Field

The drain field, also known as the leach field, consists of a network of perforated pipes buried in gravel or sand. The liquid from the septic tank spreads out and percolates into the soil, where it is filtered and treated before returning to the groundwater.

Soil and Bacteria

Soil and naturally occurring bacteria play a crucial role in breaking down harmful pathogens, removing contaminants before the water re-enters the environment.

Distribution Boxes and Cleanouts

A distribution box (D-box) evenly distributes effluent from the septic tank to the various drain field lines. It ensures wastewater is spread uniformly, preventing overloading in one section of the drain field. If a D-box becomes clogged or misaligned, it can lead to uneven drainage and system failure.

Cleanouts are access points in the septic system that allow homeowners and professionals to inspect and clear blockages in the pipes. They are typically located along the main line leading to the septic tank or in key sections of the drain field. Regular use of cleanouts helps prevent backups and keeps the system functioning efficiently.

Sizing a Septic System for Your Home

A common misconception is that a septic tank size is based on how many bathrooms are in a home.  The septic system size is actually determined by the number of bedrooms in a home. The larger the home, the larger the septic tank and drain field required.

  • 3 bedrooms: Minimum 1,000-gallon tank
  • 4 bedrooms: Minimum 1,250-gallon tank
  • 5 bedrooms: Minimum 1,500-gallon tank

The drain field size also varies based on soil type, percolation rate, and daily wastewater flow. A professional evaluation ensures the system meets household needs.

Types of Leaching Fields

Different types of leaching fields are used depending on soil conditions, space availability, and environmental factors:

Conventional Gravel/Stone Drain Field

This is the most common type. It uses perforated pipes placed in a bed of gravel or crushed stone. The wastewater is filtered as it percolates through the gravel and soil.

Chamber System

A chamber system replaces gravel with plastic chambers. This design allows for better wastewater distribution and is ideal for areas with high water tables or poor soil drainage.

Drip Distribution System

This system uses small drip tubing to evenly distribute wastewater across a larger area. It is often used on properties with limited space or shallow soil conditions.

Mound System

For areas with high groundwater or shallow soil, a mound system is used. It consists of a raised mound of sand and gravel where wastewater is treated before entering the natural soil.

Sand Filter System

A sand filter system uses a bed of sand to treat wastewater before it reaches the soil. It provides additional filtration and is ideal for locations with poor natural filtration capabilities.

Pump-Up Systems and Pump Chambers

In some septic systems, a pump-up system is required when the drain field is located at a higher elevation than the septic tank. These systems use a pump chamber to collect effluent before pumping it to the drain field. The pump chamber contains a submersible pump, control floats to regulate water levels, and an alarm system to signal malfunctions. Pump-up systems ensure proper wastewater distribution when gravity drainage is not possible.

Septic Alarm Systems and Battery Backups

Septic alarm systems monitor water levels in the pump chamber and alert homeowners to potential issues before they become major problems. These alarms sound or flash when the water level is too high or when the pump is not functioning correctly. Installing a battery backup for the pump-up system is essential in case of power outages. Battery backups keep the pump running, preventing overflows and system failures during emergencies.

Sewer Scope Camera Benefits

Using a sewer scope camera during a septic inspection provides valuable insights into the condition of your system. A small, waterproof camera is inserted into the pipes to check for blockages, leaks, root intrusions, or signs of damage. This technology helps identify problems early, preventing costly repairs and system failures. It also provides visual confirmation of pipe integrity, ensuring that the septic system is functioning efficiently.

Maintenance and Best Practices

To keep a septic system working properly, homeowners should schedule regular pumping every three to five years, depending on household size and tank capacity. Avoid overloading the system by fixing leaks and spreading out laundry loads to prevent excess water from entering the tank. Be mindful of what goes down the drain—only flush human waste and toilet paper, and avoid grease, coffee grounds, and non-biodegradable items.

Protect the drain field by keeping vehicles and heavy structures off the area and ensuring proper drainage to prevent flooding. Use septic-safe cleaning products and minimize harsh chemicals that could kill beneficial bacteria.

Signs of Septic System Problems

Common warning signs of septic failure include slow draining sinks and toilets, gurgling sounds in plumbing, sewage odors in the yard, wet or unusually green grass over the drain field. If any of these issues arise, immediate action is needed to prevent further damage.

Remember

A septic system is a vital part of many homes. Regular maintenance ensures efficiency and prevents costly repairs. Have On Point Home Inspections schedule a septic inspection for you today!

Winter’s cold temperatures bring beautiful snow, but they also create hazardous conditions on your walkways, driveways, and parking lots. Ice buildup can make walking treacherous and cause damage to your property if left untreated. Ice melt provides a quick and effective solution to clear the ice and prevent further buildup. In this blog post, we’ll explore the different types of ice melt, how they work, and best practices for safely using them to keep your property safe during the winter months.

What is Ice Melt?
Ice melt is a product designed to lower the freezing point of water, preventing ice from forming or helping it to melt more quickly. Most ice melt products contain salts or chemicals with varying properties. The most common types include:

  • Sodium Chloride (Rock Salt): This is the most widely used ice melt and is effective at temperatures as low as 20°F. It’s highly effective but can be harsh on concrete and plants.
  • Calcium Chloride: Effective in temperatures as low as -25°F, calcium chloride works faster than rock salt and is a good choice for extremely cold conditions, though it tends to be pricier.
  • Magnesium Chloride: This less aggressive alternative works well in temperatures down to 5°F. It’s also safer for pets and plants, making it a great option for those with furry friends.
  • Potassium Chloride: Often used in agricultural applications, potassium chloride is effective in light snow and ice, but it is not as effective in extreme cold temperatures.

How Does Ice Melt Work?
Ice melt works by disrupting the structure of the ice. When applied, it lowers the freezing point of water, causing the ice to melt into a brine solution—a mixture of water and salt. The ice gradually breaks down and melts. The effectiveness of ice melt depends on various factors, such as the type of product used, the ambient temperature, and the thickness of the ice.

Choosing the Right Ice Melt
When selecting the right ice melt for your property, consider the temperature, the surfaces you’re treating, and any potential damage to plants or pets. Here are some tips:

  • For Concrete Surfaces: Avoid using rock salt if possible, as it can cause spalling (surface damage) and cracking over time. Opt for calcium chloride or magnesium chloride, as they are gentler on concrete.
  • For Pet Safety: Magnesium chloride and potassium chloride are safer for pets’ paws, as they are less likely to cause irritation compared to rock salt and calcium chloride.
  • For Extremely Cold Temperatures: If temperatures dip well below freezing, calcium chloride is your best bet, as it is effective down to -25°F.

Tips for Safe and Effective Use of Ice Melt

  1. Use Sparingly: Apply just enough to get the job done. Overuse can lead to damage on surfaces, harm the environment, and result in waste. A thin, even layer is typically sufficient.
  2. Shovel First: Ice melt works best when there’s less snow or ice to melt through. Start by shoveling as much snow as you can before applying ice melt.
  3. Avoid the Grass: Be cautious when applying ice melt near plants, lawns, or greenery. The chemicals can damage plants and grass, especially when applied in large quantities.
  4. Store Properly: Keep your ice melt in a dry, cool place to prevent moisture from getting absorbed and clumping, which makes it less effective.
  5. Clean Up: After the ice has melted, sweep up any remaining ice melt. This prevents it from washing into drains or runoff, where it could cause environmental harm.


Ice melt is a critical tool for ensuring safe walkways during winter. However, it’s important to use it correctly to prevent damage to your property, pets, and the environment. By choosing the right product, applying it sparingly, and taking precautions around plants and animals, you can keep your property clear of ice and snow while avoiding unnecessary harm. Stay safe this winter and keep your walkways slip-free by using ice melt wisely!

 

Have questions about safely treating your walkways for winter? Contact On Point Home Inspections for expert advice on maintaining your home’s exterior in winter conditions.